King Lear’s Sins Pale in Comparison to those Committed...

King Lear’s Sins Pale in Comparison to those Committed Against Him King Lear commits several acts that are nearly unforgivable. Not only does he exile a trusted, loyal servant, he also banishes his own daughter. Cordelia, unable and unwilling to submit herself to the ridiculous game of her father, is sent off to France with his curses. His subsequent action - the division of the land between his two ungrateful daughters - is the final act, the final sin, and one that plunges the land into turmoil. However, his actions do not excuse the responses they bring from his kin and kinsmen. The sins against him - the actions of his two daughters and the evilness of Edmund - are far greater than those he committed†¦show more content†¦Fury envelops him: Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of blood, And as a stranger to my heart and me Hold thee from this for ever. (I.i.113-115) he exclaims, disowning his loving daughter. Unable to balance between his need for respect and his great love for his daughter, he succumbs to the madness that has threatened to overwhelm him. Unfortunately, Kent then steps in, far too early after Lears proclamation. Still riding his wave of anger, King Lear can hardly accept this second violation of his power. Fuelled by the madness, he recklessly banishes the noble from his court. These actions were terrible, and a sin against both; however, in both cases, he had a reason, one that perhaps does not excuse his act, but nevertheless explains it. His final sin, the division of the land between Goneril and Regan is, upon further examination, hardly a sin at all. It is probable that King Lear had planned ahead to this day for years, and the decision to spread his land between his daughters is not, as some would suggest, folly at all (Kermode 1251). In fact, it may well have been brilliance. Lear intended to give Cordelia one third of his kingdom, the central, more opulent third of his kingdom, and effectively use her to separate the two other daughter. This would allow

Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice. Answer: Introduction: The scenes in the documentary So Help me God was recorded over a period of six weeks at Campbell Town Local Court, altogether seven scenes were recorded. Campbell Town is a place that is located in South Western Outskirts of Sydney. The selected case study for the purpose of this assignment is of a young man who along with his brother and friends had attempted to break, enter and steal a tattoo shop on 17 August 1992. The defendant was in the car of his brother to Patrick Street, Campbell town. As per the words of Justin, the defendant waited at the car park without actually causing any harm to the owner of the tattoo shop. The defendant seemed to have a troubled childhood and it seemed that the defendant had some trouble with his brain. He complained of having terrible headache since the time he had met with a very bad accident. The defendant in this case, did not commit the real crime, as the co offenders attacked the tattoo shop and he merely waited there seeing the situation however, not trying to control it. The name of the tattoo shop was Gun Tattoo Shop. The defendant was on sickness benefit because of the accident that took place in the year 1986 and because of the accident, the defendant has been suffering from a very bad headache. The defendant has regular lapses of memory and people have often called him schizophrenic. However, the defendant denies of him being or called a schizophrenic. The Presiding Officer takes due consideration of the condition of the defendant and warns him that because of his regular lapses of memory he has the likelihood of going to jail. Finally, it was seen in the documentary that the defendant receives defer sentence under section 558 of the Crimes Act. This means that the Judge may call upon the defendant in case there is a requisite to question him further. Furthermore, the defendant is imposed with the fine of 300 dollars with the court fee of 45 dollars. A suspended or defer sentence is a legal term which the judges use for delaying the sentence of a defendant even though they have been found guilty so that the defendant is able to perform the period of probation. If the defendant does not break any other existing rules for the given period, the judge in most of the circumstances dismisses the sentence. For the purpose of this assignment, the situation of the defendant shall be presented from social and ethical considerations. Social and ethical considerations in a case include issues that are not legal in nature. Understanding whether infringement of law has taken place in a given scenario is done keeping in mind the requisites of the given crime. If the requisites are fulfilled as per the law, the defendant is declared guilty of the crime. However, for the given scenario, the crime was not successfully proven against the defendant. He was not directly involved in the given crime rather he was just watching his co offenders without trying to restrain them from committing it. The Court should consider this point as he was merely watching the situation without being actively involved in the case. Secondly, the Court should also consider the given medical condition of the defendant. As it has been mentioned earlier that the defendant was suffering from regular mental lapses thus, the Court should analyse the behaviour of the defendant in light of the past situation of the defendant as well. Section 4 of the Australian Law Reform Commission deals with the ethical considerations that Court should take into consideration at the time of deciding cases. Chapter 4.5 of the given Commission deals with people having cognitive impairment, mental illness or an intellectual disability in deciding certain matters or taking up certain decisions (Tribe Morrissey, 2015). As per the requirements of this section, if the Court believes or has sufficient reason to believe that the defendant is suffering from any kind of mental disability or mental impairment, in such a situation the Court should conduct appropriate inquiry for researching the given medical condition of the defendant. The capability of the person with any of the above-mentioned disabilities and the ability to participate in the research can differ for many reasons such as the nature of the mental condition, the persons medication or treatment or discomfort of the defendant for participating in the research (Larcher et al. , 2015). Thus, in the given case as well, the Court is advised to conduct a proper research for the defendant as he was complaining of having bad headaches and suffering from regular mental lapses since the time, he met with an accident. There are chances that the defendant had committed the crime at the time when he had undergone the mental lapse. Thus, appropriate enquiry and research is needed for this issue. Moreover, the defendant has also complained of having a troubled childhood. A bad childhood influences children in a very negative manner. In the given case, the defendants mother use to drink regularly doing nothing to save him from being beaten up by his father. Such a violent behaviour influences children in a negative manner and they grow up perceiving violence as a major part of their character as well. Thus, in such a situation the defendant should be given proper counselling to cure him from any kind of psychological variances. A persons childhood is regarded as a very important factor in his upbringing. Much of what the child learns in his childhood is a reflection of how he behaves in the present. Assumingly, it may be said that the given criminal behaviour of the defendant was a result of his bad and violent childhood. The court should give due consideration to this fact as well. However, the Court has not convicted the defendant as the Court has announced defer sentence against the client. During the period of probation, the Court can utilize the time to conduct appropriate enquiry for researching the extent to which the defendant can be held liable or not. Taking decisions from an ethical point of view may sound difficult and challenging. It has been noted in many cases that Courts often fail to take decisions from an ethical and social viewpoint. They fail to realize and understand the fact that behind the given behaviour of any person may be something more than law. Conclusion: It is good that society is governed with laws and rules however with the growing trend of crime rate in the country, Courts should analyse cases from a different perspective as well. From an ethical and social point of view, the crime rate in a given country can be reduced and people will be free from any kind of mental turmoil. The ultimate aim of the society should be for a free and happy society. Courts should stop addressing criminals with a criminal inclination rather they should address criminals with a more social and ethical bent of mind. Critical reflection on ethical considerations, social justice and human rights issues I think safeguarding the basic rights of individuals is crucial in terms of their quality lifestyle. This falls under the ethical considerations, under which professionals, carers and the people-in-charge need to abide by certain rules and regulations to avoid instances, which might hurt the sentiments of the individuals. Aligning this perspective with the case, calling the defender schizophrenic, acts as a violation towards the ethical considerations. I feel this kind of behaviour generates a feeling of exclusion within the defender. This kind of feeling adversely affects the mentality of the victim. Delving deep into the inquisitive nature of the Presiding Officer, I can conclude that the kind of behaviour exposed by him contradicts the true essence of the term justice. Here, my sympathy goes out to the defendant, who is psychologically entrapped since his childhood. I am really grieved to point out that this psychological entrapment is the root cause for the recurring instance of memory loss. The root cause for this recurrence is the troubled childhood, which compels me to highlight a violated future for the defendant. The contrast between the past and the present of the defendant assists me in speculating the societal existence for the people bearing same predicament. The thought of going to the jail, in case of the defendant, creates a bad impression in my mind about the Presiding Officer. I think provision of proper rehabilitation facilities to this kind of people acts as an escape from the psychological entrapment. It gives me immense pleasure to point out that this escape alters the plight of the defendant, which enhances his individuality. Looking at the action of rehabilitation, the prefix re resembles the revitalization of persons like the defendant. I think compliance to the norms of the regulatory framework uplifts the status of the persons bearing same kind of predicament as the defendant. Concluding the critical reflection, I consider my as fortunate in terms of bringing their social upliftment into their existence. References: Bond, T. (2015).Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Larcher, V., Craig, F., Bhogal, K., Wilkinson, D., Brierley, J. (2015). Making decisions to limit treatment in life-limiting and life-threatening conditions in children: a framework for practice.Archives of disease in childhood,100(Suppl 2), s1-s23. Lawrence, S. E. (2014).The Poor in Court: The Legal Services Program and Supreme Court Decision Making. Princeton University Press. Pollock, J. M. (2014).Ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice. Nelson Education. Shaw, W. H., Barry, V. (2015).Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning. Tribe, R., Morrissey, J. (Eds.). (2015).Handbook of professional and ethical practice for psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapists. Routledge.

Risk and Currently Used Form free essay sample

Joe and His Birds Many often use the idiom A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush in everyday conversations. But what does this commonly used phrase actually mean, and where did it come from? According to www. phrases. org, it means that it is better to have a lesser but certain advantage than the possibility of a greater one that may come to nothing. The origin of this proverb refers back to mediaeval falconry where a bird in the hand (the falcon) was a valuable asset and certainly worth more than two in the bush (the prey). The first citation of the expression in print in its currently used form is found in John Rays A Hand-book of Proverbs, 1670, in which he lists it as: A [also one] bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. By how long the phrase predates Rays publishing isnt clear, as variants of it were known for centuries before 1670. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk and Currently Used Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The earliest English version of the proverb is from the Bible and was translated into English in Wycliffes version in 1382, although Latin texts have it from the 13th century. The assumption that many people believe to be true is that having something that s certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances are you might lose everything. A bird in the hand is yours, and it is not going anywhere unless you let it go, but if you leave and go for two in the bush, there is no guarantee you will catch them, and you might end up with nothing in the end. In essence do not be greedy and stick with what good things you have, instead of going after things you will probably never get. Yes this does deem to be true, however if you look deeper and beyond the text, you will see that this statement can be refuted changing the whole outlook and way this proverb can be used. Lets take a look! Many achievements involve taking risks, and if you do not take risks you may not reach your ultimate goal. That leads to A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush if you are satisfied with being an average Joe. Average meaning middle, and Joe being a common first name usually of a male. An ordinary Joe, is an ordinary man who does ordinary things Just like everyone else around him. He refuses to go against the grain and branch out, overall being different from his peers. This type of person will not step outside their comfort zone in order to be successful, meaning that they stay ontent with where they are or what they are doing in life instead of challenging themselves to become even more successful. Without risk and Just keeping the one bird in your hand, you loose the ability to grow physically and spiritually hindering you to discover new things about the world and its surroundings. I would venture to say that Michael Dell of Dell computers or Bill Gates of Microsoft Corporation did not succumb to the adage of playing it safe. When it comes to risk taking, some people are terrified of taking reasonable risks, resulting in a life thats flat and lackluster. For xample: Two dollars (two birds in the bush) are significantly greater than one dollar ( one bird in hand). A homeless guy off the streets has not eaten in days and wants to buy something at the nearest fast food restaurant to eat. He has one dollar and therefore can not even buy something off of the dollar menu after tax. Contrastingly a goes hungry. Put yourself in that position. Would you risk it all if it meant you could eat and survive one more day? Or would you Just sit back and starve to death? Alternately take the example of investing in the stock market versus your average saving account. In a savings account you will never lose your deposit amount. In the stock market if the economy dips or the corporation does bad, you can actually lose some if not all of your initial deposit. Which risk will you take? The chance of sticking with the status quo, or striking it rich? According to Dan Borge, in The Book of Risk, risk means being exposed to the possibility of a bad outcome, and risk management means taking deliberate action to shift the odds in your favor. He says that we are already risk managers, since we make risk decisions every day, often without thinking about it things as simple as etting out of bed, lighting up a cigarette, getting in your car or putting money in the stock market. While you dont need to agonize over every decision, it is the big, life- changing risks that we face only a handful of times in our lives that can stop us in our tracks. But if we dont step up to the challenge, we may find ourselves living a life that bores us, that has no dynamics or color. By avoiding any kind of risk, we systematically shut down our world, making it smaller, flatter and grayer. That is why A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush if you are satisfied with being an average Joe.

Prehistoric Life During the Carboniferous Period

Prehistoric Life During the Carboniferous Period The name Carboniferous reflects the most famous attribute of the Carboniferous period: the massive swamps that cooked, over tens of millions of years, into todays vast reserves of coal and natural gas. However, the Carboniferous period (350 to 300 million years ago) was also notable for the appearance of new terrestrial vertebrates, including the very first amphibians and lizards. The Carboniferous was the second-to-last period of the Paleozoic Era (542-250 million years ago), preceded by the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian periods and succeeded by the Permian period. Climate and geography. The global climate of the Carboniferous period was intimately linked with its  geography. During the course of the preceding Devonian period, the northern supercontinent of Euramerica merged with the southern supercontinent of Gondwana, producing the enormous super-supercontinent Pangea, which occupied much of the southern hemisphere during the ensuing Carboniferous. This had a pronounced effect on air and water circulation patterns, with the result that a large portion of southern Pangea wound up covered by glaciers, and there was a general global cooling trend (which, however, didnt have much effect on the coal swamps that covered Pangeas more temperate regions). Oxygen made up a much higher percentage of the earths atmosphere than it does today, fueling the growth of terrestrial megafauna, including dog-sized insects. Terrestrial Life During the Carboniferous Period Amphibians. Our understanding of life during the Carboniferous period is complicated by Romers Gap, a 15-million-year stretch of time (from 360 to 345 million years ago) that has yielded virtually no vertebrate fossils. What we do know, however, is that by the end of this gap, the very first tetrapods of the late Devonian period, themselves only recently evolved from lobe-finned fish, had lost their internal gills and were well on their way toward becoming true amphibians. By the late Carboniferous, amphibians were represented by such important genera as Amphibamus and Phlegethontia, which (like modern amphibians) needed to lay their eggs in water and keep their skin moist, and thus couldnt venture too far onto dry land. Reptiles. The most important trait that distinguishes reptiles from amphibians is their reproductive system: the shelled eggs of reptiles are better able to withstand dry conditions, and thus dont need to be laid in water or moist ground. The evolution of reptiles was spurred by the increasingly cold, dry climate of the late Carboniferous period; one of the earliest reptiles yet identified, Hylonomus, appeared about 315 million years ago, and the giant (almost 10 feet long) Ophiacodon only a few million years later. By the end of the Carboniferous, reptiles had migrated well toward the interior of Pangea; these early pioneers went on to spawn the archosaurs, pelycosaurs,  and therapsids of the ensuing Permian period (it was the archosaurs that went on to spawn the first dinosaurs  nearly a hundred million years later). Invertebrates. As noted above, the earths atmosphere contained an unusually high percentage of oxygen during the late Carboniferous period, peaking at an astounding 35 percent. This surplus was especially beneficial to terrestrial invertebrates, such as insects, which breathe via the diffusion of air through their exoskeletons, rather than with the aid of lungs or gills. The Carboniferous was the heyday of the giant dragonfly Megalneura, the wingspan of which measured up to two and a half feet, as well as the giant millipede Arthropleura, which attained lengths of almost 10 feet! Marine Life During the Carboniferous Period With the extinction of the distinctive placoderms (armored fish) at the end of the Devonian period, the Carboniferous isnt especially well-known for its marine life, except insofar as some genera of lobe-finned fish were closely related to the very first tetrapods and amphibians that invaded dry land. Falcatus, a close relative of Stethacanthus, is probably the best-known Carboniferous shark, along with the much bigger Edestus, which is known primarily by its teeth. As in preceding geologic periods, small invertebrates like corals, crinoids, and arthropods were plentiful in the Carboniferous seas. Plant Life During the Carboniferous Period The dry, cold conditions of the late Carboniferous period werent especially hospitable to plantswhich still didnt prevent these hardy organisms from colonizing every available ecosystem on dry land. The Carboniferous witnessed the very first plants with seeds, as well as bizarre genera like the 100-foot-tall club moss Lepidodendron and the slightly smaller Sigillaria. The most important plants of the Carboniferous period were the ones inhabiting the large belt of carbon-rich coal swamps around the equator, which were later compressed by millions of years of heat and pressure into the vast coal deposits we use for fuel today.

Mental health and mental illnesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mental health and mental illnesses - Essay Example It is extremely difficult for us mortals to attain complete physical, mental or social wellbeing. A very common perception of health is that it is a commodity that can be "bought by investment in private health care; sold via health food stores and health centres; given by surgery and drugs and lost following accident or disease (Aggleton 1990, p.11). If the WHO definition was assailed, this concept of health as a commodity was reviled mainly because health was made dependent not on the person but on the merchandise that could be obtained from Another definition of health is that it is "the reserve of strength of energy. The meaning of strength can be extrapolated to mental strength which is the 'attitude or outlook of life which helps the individual cope with adversity". There is also a definition which says that health is the "ability to adapt to changing circumstances" (Aggleton 1990, p.11). ... There is also a definition which says that health is the "ability to adapt to changing circumstances" (Aggleton 1990, p.11). Still, another definition of health points to health as a conglomeration of a number of factors, which are foundations for achievement, "which help people to achieve their maximum personal potential" Such foundations for achievement encompass such basic things as water, food, shelter, "access to information and the skill and confidence to make sense of this" (Aggleton 1990,p.12). The traditional concept of health, meanwhile propounds that a healthy person is 'someone who exists in a state of equilibrium of mind, body and spirit" and "when this equilibrium is disturbed, then the health of the individual is impaired." ( Harari & Legge 2001,p.1). Of course, it drew brickbats from some people who cannot conceptualise health as a mere equilibrium of mind, body and spirit and finds this concept too vague and obscure. Health is better understood if we comprehend the concepts of disease and illness. Health suffers at the onset of disease. Disease and illness, contrary to the belief of many, do not come together. One may have disease without actually knowing it as in the case of an AIDS victim and knowledge comes only when pain or discomfort begins to pester one's being. This is the3 time that the sufferer realises he is ill. But his disease commenced at the moment the bacteria or virus had begun to inhabit his body, which inhabiting signaled an abnormality or pathology in a portion of

Recreation and Leisure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recreation and Leisure - Essay Example The main reason that has led to these changes is change in economy and technology with time. During times of excellent economic growth, people had more cash to spend in leisure while hard economic times are characterized by increased working time and reduced leisure time. Additionally, the working environment has changed enabling people to participate in work and leisure activities in the same context. This is common particularly for businesspersons who can be in a business trip and mange to create some time in between for recreation purposes. This paper is a description of how the changing socio-economic conditions and major cultural developments, has affected the relationship between work and leisure. The paper will focus on how work and leisure have been evolving in Western societies from the medieval times until the present. Our oldest ancestors, the hunter and gathers, had no clear distinction between work and leisure. The two activities accompanied each other with no specific time set for work or leisure. The two activities we blended irrespective of the fact that there was some minimal understanding of what work or leisure was. However, the terms work and leisure were non-existent and even though people engaged in activities we now consider as leisure, the early people did not have specified activities to engage in for relaxation purposes. The distinction between the two has evolved greatly over time such that work and leisure are completely distinguishable in the contemporary western society. Amongst the Greeks, activities such as farming that we now consider as work was considered as some sort of religious activities that was a sacred undertaking1. In the medieval period, there was great separation in the roles played by men from those played by females. However, there was no clear distinction between work and leisure. Activities such as dancing,

Women empowerment Essay Example for Free

Women empowerment Essay Since the older times, women have been treated as second rate citizens of all across the globe. The situation is almost the same everywhere-irrespective of the developed country or the developing country-caste, community, colour or creed a position which is comparable in many ways, with that of racial minorities. Women have been relegated to secondary position despite the fact that they numerically constitute about half the world population today. This situation has caused immense loss to their self-dignity as human beings and also their independent entities, associated with men, apart from other matter, in context with intellectual and professional capability. In the very beginning of civilization, women enjoyed a respectable position in society-at par with men. They actively participated in social, religious affairs as well as in warfare. The social, religious ceremonies were considered incomplete unless women participated in them. However, it was their physical constitution which acted as hurdles on the way to doing their various different difficult tasks. Gradually, they became dependent on men for food, protection for their other necessities. It was due to the strong built-up of men they risked their lives in course of hunting and food collection. It is really ironical that superiority is not accorded to the fair sex who are responsible for carrying forward lives on this planet but to men who have muscle power with the help of which they can subjugate others. Later, woman became the epitome of procreation, and was very often associated and identified with Earth, which supported lives with all her resources. This thought inspired in men a feeling of respect and regard which was reflected in their worship of women as goddesses. Despite this elevated position that she enjoyed, and are still enjoying in the form of being worshipped as goddesses Durga, Kali, Lakshami, Saraswati, etc. However, a woman is fated to be subjected, owned, and exploited like the very nature, whose magical fertility she embodies. During the course of social development, the position of women also changed. When society was formed, patriarchy was establ ished. Gradually, males became dominant in society. They were to write the codes for all times and obviously women were given a subordinate position. A prominent feature of hegemonic ideologies is the projection of the dominant viewpoint as universally true. Patriarchy, as an ideological assumption, works on the same principle. And, yet, even in ages of strict dominance by males, society has thrown up women of calibre,  who could match, even surpass, the skills of men. They made great progress in various fields of life and gained significant achievements as teachers, doctors, engineers, scientists, explorers, soldiers and pilots. This achievement is really plausible because they have been achieved in a highly adverse situation and at the cost of severe social criticism, indeed even ostracism. The need for women’s empowerment arises from the subordinate position they have been accorded for a long time. The empowerment has been felt as a tool to bring about changes in their socio-economic condition. It has been felt on the part of nation as well as individual that no society can progress till women, a major constituent of society, lag behind. Empowerment of women needs to begin with her participation in different spheres of life. Education is a great determinant in this regard. To achieve empowerment women have to be educated to be aware of their rights and privileges in a modern society. It is education which can bring about awareness in them related to their social status, injustice and differentiation meted out to them. Besides, economic independence is a major factor which can contribute in empowering women. India in the very beginning realised this need. The architect of Indian Constitution was of the opinion that unless and until women are empowered, nothing was going to bring about any change in their destiny. At that time, the women, in the name of sansakaras were tied up with the bondage of superstitions, which they had to carry till the last breath of their lives. They were considered just a matter of joy and a source of amusement. She was, according the Hindu Shashtra, the bonded slave of her father when she was young, to her husband when she was middle-aged and to her son when a mother. Of course, all the epigrams, aphorisms, proverbs, platitudes and truism have been naked truth about the stature of women in India. It does not mean that efforts have not been made to bring dignity in the life of women. There has been a long tradition of social reforms by our saints and social reformers which include: Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Mahadev Govind Ranade, and Jyotiba Phule, to name a few, who tried their best to bring changes in the life of women. Their efforts, however, bore fruit to some extent, but did not make too much difference to the lots of the masses. In this direction, Dr. Ambedkar tried to break down the barriers in the way of advancement of women in India. He laid down the foundation of concrete and  sincere efforts by codifying the Common Civil Code for the Hindus and the principle is capable of extension to other sections of the Indian society. Besides, he also made provision in the Constitution to ensure a dignified social status to women. He, by codifying Hindu Law in respect of marriage, divorce and succession rationalised and restored the dignity of women. In addition to this, the Sharda Act is also worth mentioning. It has set the seal of authority upon the piece of social reforms, which the heads of orthodoxy were imposing and impending. The Hindu Code Bill, which covers issues such as right to property, order of succession to property, maintenance, marriage, divorce, adoption, minority and guardianship, constitutes part of social engineering via law. Needless to say, it was a revolutionary measure. It was really a first step towards the recognition and empowerment of women in India. This gives a woman right to property, which undoubtedly strengthens her social position. Despite all these political measures, women’s empowerment remains a distant dream in India. In fact, political empowerment is a key to develop ment in this society. It is a must for an all- around development of women. It is the need of the hour to ensure her participation in the decision-making at home, in community and at the national level. It is for the fulfillment of this need that the Women’s Reservation Bill was introduced in the Parliament by the BJP Government. But since then, ruling parties changed in power but the Bill could not see the light of the day. The political parties do not seem to be honest in their perspectives. But before political empowerment, we must concentrate on imparting social education because without academic and social education, the political empowerment has failed to bring desired result as we have seen in case of 33 per cent reservation in local bodies ensured by the historic 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments. The uneducated women are quite unaware of their rights and privileges and are therefore subject to exploitation at the hands of government machinery, as well by family members. Therefore, our efforts should be directed towards the all- around development of each and every section of Indian women, not confining the benefit to a particular section of women in society, by giving them their due share. It is a must to protect their chastity, modesty and dignity and ensure their dignified position in society. Without removing social stigma, enduring progress and development could not be achieved. For this, the governmental and non-governmental organisations including media should come forward and play an active role in creating awareness in society. The task is not too difficult to achieve. The honesty and sincerity on the part of those involved is a must. If the lots of women change, definitely it will have a positive impact on society. Hence, the women’s empowerment is the need of the hour.